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Haiti Crisis Response Plan 2022-2024

Países
Haití
Fuentes
IOM
Fecha de publicación
Origen
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$68,500,000 Funding Required
887,000 People Targeted
38 Entities Targeted

IOM Vision

IOM, together with key stakeholders, including governmental and non-governmental actors, is committed to addressing immediate and long-term mobility-related challenges in Haiti by enhancing the capacities of national institutions to better manage their borders and regional migration dynamics, addressing the root causes of irregular migration, reducing forced movement and the vulnerability of affected and at-risk population, building resilience to identified risks and mainstreaming migration into the development agenda through policy and legislation.

CONTEXT ANALYSIS

Due to its geographical position, the Haitian population is highly exposed to disasters including earthquakes, tropical storms and hurricanes, which consequently generate heavy flooding, landslides, as well as the destruction of infrastructure and agricultural crops. The country is classified as the most vulnerable in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region, and the 19th most vulnerable country in the world (INFORM Index 2022). Haiti’s climate-related events, combined with the socio-political unrest, and the deterioration of the security situation have resulted in overpopulation of urban areas and a significant increase in irregular migration of Haitians within the region. Since 2021, Haiti has witnessed a sustained increase in the frequency and number of forced returns from neighbouring countries such as the United States, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Cuba, the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands. From January to October 2022, IOM and GARR observed more than 21,300 repatriated migrants by air and sea and 90000 by land, and experienced an increase of repatriation by sea compared to the previous years.

After more than three years with no reported cases of cholera in Haiti, in October 2022, the national authorities reported confirmed cases in the metropolitan area of Port-au-Prince, and the situation can easily degenerate since these are areas that are experiencing civil unrest with several thousand people having been displaced as a result of the increase in violence, hampering the access to clean water and proper sanitation infrastructures.

Since July 2022, Haiti has experienced social protests that have gradually gained momentum. Insecurity, the rising cost of living and the fuel distribution crisis remain at the heart of these protests. Haiti is completely reliant on generators; therefore, the fuel shortage has a tremendous impact on hospitals and schools, as well as on transportations and movements including humanitarian operations, which further deteriorates the already worrisome humanitarian situation in the country. In addition, inter-gang violence in Port-au-Prince urban and peri-urban areas has increased tensions since April 2022, and led to the internal displacement estimated in September of 96,000 people (IOM DTM), threatening social cohesion. According to the 2023 GHO, the insecurity and instability affects particularly women, young boys, and girls and an increase in GBV was noted.

Finally, Haitian communities living along the border with the Dominican Republic (DR) are struggling to provide for their families, due to the lack of basic services and infrastructure, which has led many to seek better opportunities and medical services on the other side of the border through irregular crossing points. Forced returns of migrants with irregular status from the DR is increasing, generating protection concerns, especially for the most vulnerable groups.

To address all the above, humanitarian assistance needs to be complemented by efforts focused on preparedness, resilience and by a plan to transition into development-orientated interventions that will require a phased approach over the coming years.