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Tanzania: Population Movement - Emergency Plan of Action Preliminary Final Report (MDRTZ017)

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This is a preliminary report; the final narrative and financial reports will be published on 31 December 2017.

Appeal history

  • April 2015: Influx of Burundian refugees fleeing pre-election violence start arriving in neighbouring countries.

  • May 2015: The Government of Tanzania officially requests international support to respond to the humanitarian needs. A 5-member IFRC Field Assessment and Coordination Team (FACT) arrives in Tanzania for 1 month. With 15,000 refugees received in Nyarugusu refugee camp and more than 30,000 refugees reportedly at Kagunga border post, an Emergency Appeal is launched for 1 million Swiss francs to assist 20,000 people, including 231,389 Swiss francs from the IFRC’s Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF) as start-up funding.

  • May 2015: Mass Sanitation Module (Austrian and Swedish Red Cross) and Basic Health Care (Spanish Red Cross) Emergency Response Units are deployed.

  • June 2015: Revised Emergency Appeal (n° 1) issued for 2 million Swiss francs for a total of 90,000 people.

  • October 2015: Locations identified for new camps to address overcrowding in the Nyarugusu camp. The TRCS is requested by UNCHR to expand its services into the new Mtendeli camp.

  • January 2016: IFRC deploys a Head of Emergency Operations (HEOps) as surge support to provide strategic and operational leadership and issued a revised Appeal (n° 2) for 5,245,197 Swiss francs for 250,000 people.

  • April – May 2016: 232,315 people fled Burundi, with 126,702 refugees registered in Tanzania. Revised Appeal issued for 5,213,378 Swiss francs for 250,000 people and the Appeal timeframe extended to August 2017.

  • July 2016 – Mid-term review report is published.

A. Situation analysis

Description of the disaster

Since late April 2015, there has been on-going violence in Burundi, resulting in a number of casualties in the capital of Bujumbura and a huge population movement. Over 410,940 people have sought refuge in neighbouring countries, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR, 31 October 2017). As of November 2017, 361,411 people have settled in Tanzania. As visible in the refugee population update below, in Tanzania, the majority of the refugees are living in camps and are women and children. On the other hand, of the overall population, 52% is male.

Following the influx of Burundi refugees in April 2015, the Nyarugusu camp (Kigoma province), which was initially built in 1997 for Congolese refugees, is now rated the third largest refugee settlement in the world. Next to Nyarugusu camp, the Government of Tanzania (GoT) set up two locations for camps to address the situation, and accommodate the Burundi refugees.

As at 30 September 2017, in Mtendeli there are 50,350 refugees, and in Nduta there are 127,499. All camps are currently significantly overstretched with several thousand refugees housed in mass shelters. Tanzania continues to witness arrivals of refugees.

Throughout the whole period of the emergency appeal, the influx of refugees continued and the camps were and still receiving refugees. TRCS manages four entry points in Ngara district and one transit centre. At the transit centre TRCS has 2 health staff (one nurse and one clinical officer) who provide basic health care. In case of any medical complications, the patients are referred to Ngara district hospital. The work of TRCS and IFRC has predominantly supported refugees in Nyarugusu and Mtendeli.

Nyarugusu camp was opened in November 1996 to host Persons of Concern fleeing conflicts in DRC. Prior to April 2015, the camp hosted 65,000 DRC and 2,400 Burundian Persons of Concern. 84,961 Burundians arrived between April and October 2015 were being hosted in Nyarugusu before relocation of close to 40,000 Burundian refugees to Nduta and Mtendeli between October 2015 and February 2016 respectively. The camp continues to receive Asylum Seekers mainly from DRC, amidst a resettlement process that is mainly targeting Congolese who arrived in Tanzania between 1994 and 2005. Population figures of these camps, as of 30 September 2017 (UNHCR) for Nyarugusu are: