Перейти к основному содержанию

IAEA Safety Standards - Preparedness and Response for a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency - General Safety Requirements No. GSR Part 7

Страны
Мир
Источники
FAO
+ 11
Дата публикации
Происхождение
Просмотреть оригинал

BACKGROUND

Organizations responsible for the management of emergencies (including conventional emergencies) recognize that good preparedness in advance of any emergency can substantially improve the emergency response. One of the most important elements of emergency preparedness is the coordination of arrangements among the different bodies involved to ensure clear lines of responsibility and authority.

The Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident (‘Early Notification Convention’) and the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency (‘Assistance Convention’), both adopted in 19861 , place specific obligations in relation to a nuclear or radiological emergency on the States Parties to the Conventions and on the IAEA.

The practical implementation of the various articles of these Conventions, as well as the fulfilment of certain obligations under Article 16 of the Convention on Nuclear Safety2 and Article 25 of the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management3 , warrants the establishment of appropriate arrangements for emergency preparedness and response.

The Inter-Agency Committee on Radiological and Nuclear Emergencies (IACRNE) has been established as an inter-agency coordination mechanism to ensure that arrangements for emergency preparedness and response at the international level are consistent. IACRNE, which comprises relevant international intergovernmental organizations (hereafter, international organizations), maintains the Joint Radiation Emergency Management Plan of the International Organizations. IACRNE also contributes to the development of consistent international standards on emergency preparedness and response and to their practical application.

In March 2002, the IAEA’s Board of Governors established safety requirements for preparedness and response for a nuclear or radiological emergency as an IAEA safety standard. The Safety Requirements publication, Preparedness and Response for a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency (IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GS-R-2), was issued in November 2002 with joint sponsorship by seven international organizations: the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the IAEA, the International Labour Organization (ILO), the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD/NEA), the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and the World Health Organization (WHO).

Since its publication in 2002, States have been using the IAEA Safety Requirements publication No. GS-R-2 in establishing and enhancing their arrangements for emergency preparedness and response. The 55th General Conference of the IAEA in 2011, in resolution GC(55)/RES/9, emphasized “the importance for all Member States to implement emergency preparedness and response mechanisms and develop mitigation measures at a national level, consistent with the Agency’s safety standards, for improving emergency preparedness and response, facilitating communication in an emergency and contributing to harmonization of national criteria for protective [actions] and other actions”.

The 56th General Conference of the IAEA in 2012, in resolution GC(56)/RES/9, requested the IAEA Secretariat, Member States and relevant international organizations “to address compatibility issues in the development of national and international emergency response mechanisms and procedures consistent with the Agency’s safety standards”.

The 59th General Conference of the IAEA in 2015, in resolution GC(59)/ RES/9, emphasized “the importance of the establishment, implementation, regular exercise and continuous improvement of national emergency preparedness and response measures, taking into account the IAEA safety standards”, and encouraged Member States “to strengthen their national, bilateral, regional and international emergency preparedness and response mechanisms, as appropriate, to facilitate timely information exchange during a nuclear emergency, and [to] improve bilateral, regional and international cooperation to that effect”.

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs: To learn more about OCHA's activities, please visit https://www.unocha.org/.