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Sudan: Cholera Outbreak - Sep 2019

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Sudan's Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) announced on 10 September that four out of the six samples obtained from patients with acute diarrhoea were positive for Vibreo cholera at the National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL)...As of 9 September 2019, a total of 41 suspected cholera cases, with two deaths - case fatality rate (CFR) of 3.57 per cent - were reported from Blue Nile State. With proper treatment, the case fatality rate for cholera should remain below 1 per cent. The first documented case was reported on 2 September 2019 from the Ganis Sharig (East) area in El Roseires town in Blue Nile. Four out of seven localities in Blue Nile reported suspected cholera cases, with the majority of cases reported in El Roseires (36 cases), Damazine (3 cases), Wad Almahi and Geissan with a single case each. (OCHA, 11 Sep 2019)

Between 28 August and 10 September, Sudan’s Federal Ministry of Health reported at least 51 cases of acute watery diarrhoea in Blue Nile State, including at least 3 deaths. (WHO, 11 Sep 2019)

As of 17th September 2019, five out of seven localities in Blue Nile state reported 94 suspected cholera cases, with six deaths reported. According to the Ministry of Health, the states that have the highest risks of cholera outbreak are: White Nile, Gedaref, Sennar, Kassala and Khartoum states. Humanitarian partners have provided approximately 146,000 people with improved access to safe water and sanitation in Blue Nile. The Sudan Humanitarian Fund (SHF) is allocating $7.6 million for the cholera and flood response under its Reserve for Emergencies envelope. (OCHA, 18 Sep 2019)

Humanitarian partners developed a cholera readiness and response plan and are seeking US$ 20.3 million for the next three months (October - December 2019). (UNCT, 30 Sep 2019)

Number of suspected cholera cases continues to rise, with 226 cases—including eight deaths— reported in Blue Nile and Sennar states as of 30 September 2019. Federal Ministry of Health has requested Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV) to target 1.6 million people in high risk areas of Blue Nile and Sennar states. Forecasts estimate up to 13,200 cholera cases in the next 6 months in high risk states of Sudan. (OCHA, 3 Oct 2019)

As of 22 October 2019, 323 suspected cholera cases, including 10 deaths, were reported in Blue Nile, Sennar and Khartoum states, according to Sudan's Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) and WHO. The first case was detected on 28 of August 2019. An oral cholera vaccine (OCV) campaign launched on 11 October is currently ongoing, targeting 1.6 million people in high risk communities in Blue Nile and Sennar states. The aim of the campaign is to contain the outbreak and prevent its spread to neighbouring states (OCHA, 24 Oct 2019.)

The Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) reported one case of cholera during epidemiological week 46 (10 – 16 November) of 2019. The cumulative number of reported cases since the declaration of cholera outbreak on 8 August 2019 is 336 including 11 associated death with case fatality rate of 3.3%. The attack rate was 0.8 per 10 000 population. Among all reported cases 9% were children under five years of age and 61% were female. The most affected age group were those between 15 and 30 years of age (27%). (WHO, 17 Nov 2019)

The Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) reported two case of cholera during epidemiological week 47 (17 – 23 November) of 2019. The cumulative number of reported cases since the declaration of the cholera outbreak on 8 September 2019 is 338 including 11 associated death with a case fatality rate of 3.3%. The attack rate was 0.7 per 10 000 population. Among all reported cases 8.3% were children under five years of age and 61% were female. The most affected age groups were 45 years and above (29.3%) followed by those between 15 and 30 years of age (26%). Of the total number of cases, 330 (98%) were reported among unvaccinated people and only eight (2%) were reported among those vaccinated. (WHO, 24 Nov 2019)

The Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) of Sudan reported three new suspected case of cholera during epidemiological week 50 (8–14 December) of 2019. The cumulative number of reported cases since the declaration of the cholera outbreak on 8 September 2019 is 344 including 11 associated deaths, giving a case fatality rate of 3.2%. The attack rate was 0.6 per 10 000 population. Among all reported cases, 9% were children under five years of age and 61% were female. The most affected age groups were 45 years and above (29.8%) followed by those between 15 and 29.9 years of age (26.8%). Of the total number of cases, 98% were reported among unvaccinated people and only 2% were reported among those vaccinated. (WHO, 17 Dec 2019.)

On 23 January 2020, the Government of Sudan declared the end of the cholera outbreak in the country. ([OCHA, 6 Feb 2020)[https://reliefweb.int/node/3511519)