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Nigeria: Polio Outbreak - Aug 2016

Status
Past
Countries
Nigeria
+ 6 more
Disaster types
Epidemic

Following the recent detection of wild poliovirus in Nigeria, Ministers of Health from Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Niger and Nigeria have declared the polio outbreak in Nigeria as a public health emergency for countries of the Lake Chad basin. The declaration, coming out of the 66th session of the WHO Regional Committee for the African Region, demonstrates commitment from governments across the region to bolster momentum in the fight against the virus. (Global Polio Eradication Initiative, 29 Aug 2016)

Nigeria has mobilized its immunization forces and will look to take heed of four key lessons earned during almost three decades of anti-polio efforts: 1) establishing and sustaining trust is critical to the success of eradication campaigns; 2) frequent, independent monitoring and evaluation are key to tracking the progress of an intervention and making modifications; 3) holding all actors accountable is essential to pushing an intervention forward and; and 4) contextualized health initiatives are key in fighting polio and other diseases. These lessons will reinforce a cohesive, multilateral strategy that builds on past successes to secure a polio-free Nigeria. (Center for Global Development, 16 Nov 2016)

The coverage data of the 5th polio outbreak response from early December reports more than 90 per cent polio vaccination coverage in the 81% of the Local Government Areas (LGAs) surveyed in Borno state. The 6th polio campaign in Borno state (between 16 -19 December) took place in 24 of the 27 LGAs in Borno state (except Marte, Abadam and Mobbar) and in all the 17 LGAs in Yobe State. (UNICEF, 21 Dec 2016)

Nigeria continues to implement emergency response to the detected WPV1 strain and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) strains aecting the country (last detected in 2016). Detection of the polio cases in Nigeria underscores the risk posed by low-level undetected transmission and the urgent need to strengthen subnational surveillance. (Global Polio Eradication Initiative, 30 Aug 2017)

The total number of WPV1 cases for 2016 remains four and no cases have been reported in 2017. The most recent case had onset of paralysis on 21 August 2016 in Monguno Local Government Area, Borno. (Global Polio Eradication Initiative, 4 Oct 2017)

The detection of wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) (Borno state, Nigeria in 2016) and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) (Borno and Sokoto states in 2016) continue to pose a risk to the neighbouring countries of the Lake Chad basin. Emergency outbreak response efforts continue across the Lake Chad basin, together with activities to fill subnational surveillance gaps across the region. These activities include efforts to vaccinate children at markets, in internally displaced persons camps, and at international borders. Phase 3 of outbreak response is being launched in January 2018, taking into account the recommendations made during the November Outbreak Response Assessments for the countries and the Technical Advisory Group meeting in December. (Global Polio Eradication Initiative, 10 Jan 2018)

One new case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) has been confirmed in Nigeria this week, occurring in Kaugama district, Jigawa state, with onset on 15 April 2018. (WHO, 08 Jun 2018)

One new circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) has been reported in the past week, from Nganzai Local Government Area, Borno state, with onset of paralysis on 13 July. Two new cVDPV2-positive environmental samples were reported in the past week, one from Yobe state, and one from Sokoto state. (Global Polio Eradication Initiative, 23 Aug 2018)

Three new cases of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) cases were reported this week, bringing the total number of cVDPV2 cases in 2018 to eleven.
These latest reported cases all had onset of paralysis in August, from Katsina and Borno states, linked to the cVDPV2 outbreak centred around Jigawa.
Additionally, two new cVDPV2-environmental positive samples were reported in the past week, from Yobe state, collected on 7 and 18 August.
No new cases of wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) were reported. The most recently-detected WPV1 case, from Borno state, had onset of paralysis on 21 August 2016.
In response to cVDPV2 detection, the country continues to conduct acute flaccid paralysis surveillance strengthening activities including enhanced active surveillance visits and community sampling. The programme has also carried out an extensive search for type 2 containing vaccines (tOPV/mOPV2) in the areas surrounding where the virus is detected. (Global Polio Eradication Initiative, 26 Sep 2018)

Three new cases of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) cases have been reported bringing the total number of cVDPV2 cases in 2018 to 14. These latest reported cases had onset of paralysis in late August and early September, from Katsina and Yobe states, linked to the cVDPV2 outbreak centred around Jigawa. (WHO, 05 Oct 2018)

Two new circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) cases were reported in week 45 (week ending 11 November 2018), one from Katsina State and one from Kaduna State (newly infected district and province, part of the Jigawa outbreak) with onset of paralysis on 9 October 2018 and 10 September 2018 respectively. (WHO, 23 Nov 2018)

One new circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) case was reported this week (ending on 18 December 2018) from Zango LGA, Katsina State, with date of onset of paralysis on 5 November. The country continues to be affected by two separate cVDPV2 outbreaks, the first centered in Jigawa state with subsequent spread to other states as well as to neighbouring Republic of Niger, and the second in Sokoto state. (WHO, 04 Jan 2019)

One new case has been confirmed in a 3-year-old girl with onset of paralysis on 5 December 2018 from Baruten Local Government Area (LGA), Kwara State, located on the border with Benin. The country continues to be affected by two separate cVDPV2 outbreaks, the first centered in Jigawa state with subsequent spread to other states as well as to neighbouring Republic of Niger, and the second in Sokoto state. (WHO, 18 Jan 2019)

Two cases of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 have been reported this week in Konduga LGA, Borno State and Baruten LGA, Kwara State with onset of paralysis reported on 14 February and 20 February 2019 respectively. There are now four cVDPV2 cases reported in 2019 so far. The total number of cVDPV2 cases in 2018 remains 34. (WHO, 31 Mar 2019)

There are eight cVDPV2 cases reported in 2019 so far. The total number of cVDPV2 cases in 2018 remains 34. The country is now affected by three separate cVDPV2 outbreaks, the first centered in Jigawa State with subsequent spread to other states as well as to neighbouring Republic of Niger, the second in Sokoto State and the third one in Bauchi State. (WHO, 26 May 2019)

As of 22 July 2019, 50 samples from the environment have tested positive for cVDPV2 while the virus has been isolated from the stool samples of 23 children who presented with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) or in healthy community contacts. The last case of wild polio virus (WPV) was reported in Borno state in August 2016. (WHO, 31 Jul 2019)

There are 16 cVDPV2 cases reported in 2019. There were 34 cVDPV2 cases in 2018. One cVDPV2-positive environmental sample was reported from Ilorin East LGA, Kwara State. The sample was collected on 27 August 2019. (WHO, 29 Sep 2019)

One case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was reported from Anambra province making it the first case in 2020. There were 18 cVDPV2 cases reported in 2019 and 34 in 2018. (WHO, 23 Feb 2020)